A lipid profile (also known as a "lipid panel") measures the concentrations of different types of fats in the blood.
- Total cholesterol, which is the sum of the different types of cholesterol. The body needs cholesterol. But too much cholesterol can cause health problems.
- High-density lipoprotein, or HDL cholesterol, is often called the "good" cholesterol. HDL cholesterol helps the body get rid of extra cholesterol.
- Low-density lipoprotein, or LDL cholesterol, is often called the "bad" cholesterol. LDL cholesterol that accumulates in the bloodstream can clog blood vessels and increase the risk of heart disease.
- Triglycerides store energy until the body needs it. If the body builds up too much triglycerides, it can clog blood vessels, which can lead to health problems.
Why take this test?
The lipid profile shows a person's risk of developing heart disease or atherosclerosis (the hardening, narrowing, or blockage of the arteries). Normalizing lipid levels as soon as possible can help prevent these problems.
Glycosylated hemoglobin
The glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) test is a blood test for type 2 diabetes and prediabetes. Measures the average level of glucose or blood sugar over the past three months. Doctors can use the HbA1c test alone or in combination with other diabetes tests to make a diagnosis. They also use HbA1c as a control for the patient's diabetes management. This test is different from the blood sugar checks that people with diabetes have every day.
Your HbA1c test result is given in percentages. The higher the percentage, the higher the blood sugar level:
- A normal HbA1c level is less than 5.7%
- Prediabetes is located between 5.7 to 6.4%. Having prediabetes is a risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. People with prediabetes may need repeat testing every year
- Type 2 diabetes is located above 6.5%
If you have diabetes, you should have an HbA1c test at least twice a year.
NIH: National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
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